India Adaptation & Mitigation

Table of Contents

Adaptation

Agricultural Background Information

Net Rice Exporter:

  • Exports in 2020: $8.21B
  • Imports in 2020: $5.96M

% of rice consumption in Market Year 2020/20211USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA-FAS).:

  • From domestic production: 100%
  • From imports: 0%

Major Agriculture/Food Exports in 20202Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC). Note: “Major exports” account for those over 1% of total exports.:

  • Rice (2.89%)
  • Crustaceans (1.39%)

Major Crops Produced3FAO.:

  • Rice
  • Wheat
  • Pulses
  • Sugarcane

India’s Current NDC

Key for Adaptation Charts

The indicators in the adaptation charts are marked in the rightmost five columns according to the following key.

  • Discussion (Yellow): Topic is mentioned in general.
  • Detail (Red): Topic is discussed in greater detail than just a nominal mention.
  • Quantifiability (Purple): Targets are quantifiable.
  • Technology (Blue): Technology needs are discussed.
  • Finance (Green): Budget or specific funding plans are mentioned.

Adaptation NDCs

The following charts show which elements are present in India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for adaptation. Data is collected from the NDC submitted to the UNFCCC (linked above).

Last updated August 2022.

NDCs: Agriculture, Food, Land Use

NDCs: Agricultural Development

NDCs: Livestock/Fisheries

National Adaptation Policy

The following charts show which elements are present in India’s national adaptation policy.

Last updated August 2022.

National Adaptation Policy: Agriculture, Food, Land Use

National Adaptation Policy: Agricultural Development

National Adaptation Policy: Livestock/Fisheries

Adaptation Policies

  • National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) (2008)
    • Info / FAQ
    • Outlined eight national missions on climate change:
  • State Action Plans on Climate Change: SAPCC Analysis Report4Centre for Science and Environment, www.cseindia.org.
    • Each of 32 States and Union Territories has formulated or is formulating SAPCCs
    • Report contains information about focus and budget of each state’s SAPCC
  • National Policy for Farmers (2007)

Mitigation

Mitigation Overview

Forest Cover Target: 33% “eventually” (no target date)
Renewable Energy Share Target: 40% by 2030 (NDC); 50% by 2030 (other)
Net Zero Target Year: N/A (NDC); 2070 (other)
Mitigation Finance Needed: 834 billion USD5Estimated based on 2011 prices. Not specified how much of this finance needs to come from international sources.
Climate Action Tracker Rating: Highly Insufficient

Asia Pacific Energy Policy Profile

Emissions Targets

Key for Mitigation Charts

Indicators are marked in the right column according to the following key.

  • Green: Present in NDC/Policy.
  • Yellow: Partially present or under development.
  • Blank: Not present.
  • Red: Present but negative indicator.

Mitigation NDCs

The following charts show which elements are present in India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for mitigation. Data is collected from the NDC submitted to the UNFCCC (linked above).

Mitigation NDCs: General Overview and Scope

Mitigation NDCs: Energy/Forestry and Level of Ambition

National Mitigation NDCs and Policies

The following charts show the elements present in NDCs and policies combined. Some elements are only present in policies, while some elements are only present in NDCs.

National Mitigation NDCs and Policies: General Overview and Scope

Mitigation NDCs and Policies: Energy/Forestry and Level of Ambition

Mitigation Policies

General Mitigation Policies

  • National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) (2008)
    • Info / FAQ
    • Outlined eight national missions on climate change:
  • Green Hydrogen / Green Ammonia Policy (2022)
  • Notification S.O. 4259(E) creating the Apex Committee for Implementation of Paris Agreement (2020)
  • Union Budget 2019-2020 and up to 2023 (2019)
  • National Action Plan on Climate Change (2008)
  • Integrated Energy Policy (2006)
  • National Electricity Policy (2005)

Sector-Specific Mitigation Policies

  • Prime Minister’s Farmer Energy Security and Upliftment Campaign (2019)
  • National Auto Fuel Policy and Auto Fuel Vision and Policy 2025 (2014)
  • National Urban Transport Policy (2014)
  • National Agroforestry Policy (2014)
  • Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) Scheme (2012)
  • National Afforestation Program – Revised Operational Guidelines (2009)

Outdated Mitigation Policies

  • Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) (2017)
  • Tariff Policy 2006 (2006)
  • National Electricity Plan (Generation) (2012)
  • National Mission for Electric Mobility Plan 2020 (2012)
  • National Policy on Biofuels (2009)

Mitigation Policies with Current Targets

Mitigation Policies with Outdated Targets

  • Tariff Policy 2006 (2006)
  • National Electricity Plan (Generation) (2012)
  • National Policy on Biofuels (2009)

Notes on India’s Mitigation Efforts

India’s policies reflect much greater mitigation ambition than what is included in its NDC.6Sivan Kartha, Third Hearing of the Global Parliamentarians’ Inquiry—need to verify. For more information about the mitigation and adaptation policies of India, check out the Green Growth and Climate Change Mitigation in India report by the Global Green Growth Institute.

References

  • 1
    USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA-FAS).
  • 2
    Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC). Note: “Major exports” account for those over 1% of total exports.
  • 3
    FAO.
  • 4
    Centre for Science and Environment, www.cseindia.org.
  • 5
    Estimated based on 2011 prices. Not specified how much of this finance needs to come from international sources.
  • 6
    Sivan Kartha, Third Hearing of the Global Parliamentarians’ Inquiry—need to verify.